Here are a list of options I use for these commands regularly:
Commit:
git commit -m "[message]": Records the changes in the staging area with a descriptive message.
git commit --amend -m "[message]": Overwrites the last commit message in your history.
Log:
git log: Displays a full history of commits, showing their commit messages, timestamps, and authors (navigate using the arrow keys, q to quit).
git log -[count]: Displays a history of the last [count] commits, showing their commit messages, timestamps, and authors.