In 1857, Indian soldiers, otherwise known as Sepoys, rose up in mutiny against their British officers and the East India Company. Entire cities were captured by the rebels with massacres carried out against British civilians, notably in Cawnpore. In retaliation, the British set about retaking the cities and the mutineers put to the sword. The civilian victims numbered in the tens of thousands by both sides of the conflict.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 is seen by many as the first attempt to rid India of the British and as an example of the barbarism of colonial powers.