Unit-1 (2) Process design of piping

[Process design of piping]


*Step 1: Define Process Requirements*


1. Identify process fluids and their properties.
2. Determine flow rates, pressures, and temperatures.
3. Establish piping layout and routing.


*Step 2: Select Pipe Materials*


1. Consider fluid compatibility, corrosion resistance, and cost.
2. Common materials: carbon steel, stainless steel, PVC, and copper.


*Step 3: Determine Pipe Sizes*


1. Calculate pipe diameter based on flow rate and velocity.
2. Consider pressure drop, friction loss, and pipe roughness.


*Step 4: Choose Valve and Fitting Types*


1. Select valves: gate, globe, ball, and butterfly.
2. Choose fittings: elbows, tees, couplings, and reducers.


*Step 5: Design Piping Layout*


1. Consider space constraints, accessibility, and maintenance.
2. Use piping symbols and standards (e.g., ANSI, ISO).


*Step 6: Calculate Pressure Drop*


1. Use Darcy-Weisbach or Hazen-Williams equations.
2. Consider friction loss, elevation changes, and valves.


*Step 7: Verify Piping Integrity*


1. Check for stress, vibration, and fatigue.
2. Perform finite element analysis (FEA) or computational fluid dynamics (CFD).


*Step 8: Document and Review*


1. Create piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs).
2. Review design with stakeholders.


*Piping Design Standards*


1. ANSI B31.3 (Process Piping)
2. ASME B31.1 (Power Piping)
3. API 650 (Welded Tanks)
4. ISO 15649 (Piping Systems)


*Piping Design Software*


1. AutoCAD
2. Revit
3. Navisworks
4. PDMS (Plant Design Management System)
5. CAESAR II (Piping Stress Analysis)


*Best Practices*


1. Follow industry standards and regulations.
2. Consider safety, reliability, and maintainability.
3. Optimize piping layout and material selection.
4. Verify design through simulation and analysis.

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