How to access values in a python dictionary

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### accessing values in a python dictionary

a dictionary in python is a built-in data type that allows you to store key-value pairs. each key is unique and maps to a specific value. you can access values stored in a dictionary using their corresponding keys.

#### creating a dictionary

before accessing values, let's create a simple dictionary:



### accessing values

there are several ways to access values in a dictionary:

#### 1. accessing with square brackets

you can access a value by using its key inside square brackets `[]`.



#### 2. accessing with the `get()` method

using the `get()` method is a safer way to access values. it returns `none` (or a specified default value) if the key does not exist, instead of raising a `keyerror`.



#### 3. accessing nested dictionary values

if you have a nested dictionary (a dictionary within a dictionary), you can access values by chaining keys.



#### 4. accessing all keys, values, or items

you can also retrieve all the keys, values, or key-value pairs from a dictionary:



### handling non-existent keys

when trying to access a key that does not exist, using square brackets will result in a `keyerror`. you can handle this using a `try` and `except` block:



### summary

- use square brackets `[]` to access values by key.
- use `get()` to safely retrieve values without risking a `keyerror`.
- access nested dictionaries by chaining keys.
- use `keys()`, `values()`, and `items()` methods to retrieve collections of keys, values, or key-value pairs.
- handle missing keys gracefully with error handling mechanisms.

### example code

here is a complete example that demonstrates all of the above:



this tutorial should provide a comprehensive understanding of how to access values in a python dictionary!

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