The sand comes mainly from the north-west of Africa, a region containing Mauritania, Mali and Algeria. Most of the sand is floating airborne at between 2km and 5km from the ground and typically takes several days to travel from the desert in Africa to Europe. The largest particles land on the ground while the smallest remain airborne and continue their journey northward.
The phenomenon accompanies a warm air weather system known as the Foehn which brings warm air from the south.