How to make your masters louder, even though streaming platforms don't allow it

I wonder what is considered the golden age for dynamic range..............perhaps the 1970s before digital and its practices became widespread? Some digital recording was done in the 70s but not much.

Appreciate your time, but this was overly basic.

Thank you. Interesting information. It helped me understand the process better.

Albums and individual songs should be mastered so that they are 'comfortably loud' with any volume control set between 11 o'clock and 1 o'clock(with a knob), and between 40 to 60 percent with a slider-style volume control.

Presently, the opposite is true: most audio sources, from records, to CDs, to the radio, to digital downloads, are too loud at any setting past 9 o'clock on the volume knob, or thirty percent up on a slider style control

with video streaming theres an issue with some shows movies being wayyy too quiet do you know how to make 5.1 audio on hulu netflix disney plus louder is there a way too boost it just for non stereo content loudness normalization sucks to me its too quiet on alll tracks

So adding dynamics to your mix can make it louder in the lufs. Who’d of thought 😧

But did the streaming services do this because they are altruistic, or because they want their commercials to be the loudest thing on the platform? I'd pay more attention to the commercials if they were say -6dB softer than the music, now I just mute everything.

There's clearly many ways of measuring effective loudness. I would guess that some sort of frequency weighted energy sum would be effective, a bit like a dB weighted scale.