Anatomy and Physiology

NOTES FROM VIDEO

There are a few themes in anatomy and physiology:
-Form fits function; anatomy fits physiology
-Gives the example of the parts of a wrench contributing to it its function
-Homeostasis: Maintaining a stable internal environment.
-Hierarchy: atom → molecules → macromolecules → organelles → cells → tissues → organs → organ systems
-Anatomy begins at the level of the cells, tissues, organs and organ systems


There are four types of tissues in humans:
-Epithelial
-Lines organs and outside of body
-Classified according to its shape and number of layers
-The three different shapes are squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube), and columnar (column)
-Single layer is called simple, while multiple layers is called stratified
-Pseudostratifeid means they look like they're stratified but that's because some of them are fat at the bottom and skinny at the top while others are skinny at the bottom and fat at the top
-Muscle
-Muscle cells are responsible for motion
-There are three types of muscle cells:
-Skeletal
-Voluntary movement
-Smooth
-Involuntary muscle
-Cardiac
-Found only in heart
-Looks a lot like skeletal or striated muscle but with intercalated discs that transmit electrical signals (create contraction of heart)
-Nervous
-Sends quick signals throughout body
-Mostly made up of neurons and glia
-Dendrites sense signals then send action potentials down an axon to another nervous signal or another neuron
-Connective
-Catch all for everything that’s not epithelial, muscle, or nervous tissue
-Made up of living cells + non-living matrix
-Can be loose or dense
-Types of connective tissue include cartilage, blood, bone, fat


Organ systems:
-Digestive system: digests food and then absorb that food into our circulatory system
-Circulatory system: moves blood and thereby oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients around in your body
-Respiratory system: takes in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide
-Immune or lymphatic system: lymph vessels take in plasma or liquid that's leaked out of your circulatory system and return it to the circulatory system; lymph nodes are areas where white blood cells sit and are able to fight infection
-Excretory system: gives us a way to get rid of nitrogenous waste; serves the function of regulating osmolarity in our blood; kidneys are a big part of the excretory system
-Endocrine system: all of the glands inside your body and the hormones that they give off
-Reproductive system: different in males and females; allows production of offspring
-Nervous system: nerves connecting from the brain to the peripheral nervous system and back again allowing us to respond to our environment
-Integumentary system: hair, skin, and nails; covers our body
-Skeletal system: gives us support and stores important materials inside our body
-Musculatory system: connects, using those tendons, the dense connective tissue to the bones to allow movement

Structure

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chungus

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The close caption can the color be changed it's not very visible.

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